Economic Security of Georgia in the Context of Global Challenges

Ramaz Otinashvili

E-mail:r.otinashvili@gtu.ge

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Georgian Technical University

Georgia, Tbilisi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-6159

Shota Veshapidze

E-mail: shota.veshapidze@tsu.ge

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

Georgia, Tbilisi

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-364

Besik Oboladze

E-mail:besikoboladze@gmail.com

Security expert, Doctor of Technical Sciences. Chairman of the Association of Security Researchers (USMA.GE)

Georgia, Tbilisi

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8643-5759

Tamar Otinashvili

E-mail: T.Otinashvili@gtu.ge

Master of Science, Georgian Technical University

Georgia, Tbilisi

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4449-0490

ABSTRACT

This scholarly article is devoted to an in-depth analysis of Georgia’s economic security in the context of global challenges and to a theoretical and conceptual interpretation of the notion of security across different stages of historical development. The main objective of the study is to determine the significance and functional role of economic security within the integrated system of national security, as well as to identify the key internal and external factors that influence Georgia’s economic resilience, independence, and long-term development prospects in the contemporary international environment. The research is based on the premise that economic security is no longer merely one of the directions of economic policy, but rather a fundamental prerequisite for state sovereignty and sustainable development.

The methodological framework of the study is grounded in an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach. It employs the historical-logical method to examine the evolution of the concept of security from antiquity to the modern era; comparative analysis to contrast different theoretical approaches to security and models of statehood; and systemic and structural analysis, which considers economic security as an integrated system of interrelated elements. In addition, the study applies a comprehensive analytical method encompassing the complex assessment of economic, social, political, technological, and geopolitical factors and the identification of their interdependencies. This methodological approach enhances the depth and reliability of the research.

The main findings demonstrate that in the contemporary world the concept of national security has expanded significantly, with economic security emerging as one of its central components. Historically, state security was based on military power, territorial control, and the possession of natural resources, whereas under conditions of globalization, technological progress, and the information society, decisive importance is attributed to human capital, innovative potential, financial stability, and institutional effectiveness. In the case of Georgia, ensuring economic security is linked both to strengthening the internal economic system and to reducing external economic risks and dependencies.

The practical implications of the research findings may be utilized in the process of designing state economic and security policies, improving national development strategies, and effectively managing global and regional challenges. The study also provides a theoretical foundation for further academic research on issues of economic security and contributes to the intensification of academic discourse on this subject