Addiction to digital media networks and its impact on adolescents' emotions
Keywords:
Addiction, Digital media, Internet games, Influence, Emotions
Guranda Shamilishvili
E-mail:guranda.shamilishvili@bsu.edu.ge
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-4166
Teona Gogiashvili
Georgian Technical University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8194-0505
ABSTRACT
Modern online space and computer technologies have quickly become integral attributes of reality. Nowadays, human activity in any field is simply unthinkable without the digital world, which can be considered one of the outstanding achievements of scientific and technological thinking of the 21st century. Despite the progressive reality, the factors of the influence of computer technologies on humans are still under study.
Computer games have become an interesting activity for preschoolers, schoolchildren, students and adults. The reasons for addiction to computer games are diverse, including: the individual's lack of self-control, communication deficit, the desire to be in the virtual world and escape from the difficulties of the real world, low self-esteem and insecurity in one's own "I", dependence on the opinions of others. Excessive time use of media technologies can have negative consequences for both the physical and mental health of the individual.
In our work, several studies were conducted to determine Internet addiction. According to the results of the test study, an average level of addiction was revealed among adolescents, although in some cases some of them had high risk factors for addiction to digital media networks. The analysis of literature data showed that the impact of computer games on the emotions of seniors is diverse. Addiction to computer games can affect the psyche of adolescents, causing relapse of certain diseases. We believe it is important that specialists develop appropriate strategies to reduce the harm of online technologies and to promote the mental health and positive emotions of the next generation
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Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
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Hormes, J. M., Kearns, B., & Timko, C. A. (2014). Craving Facebook? Behavioral addiction to online social networking and its association with emotion regulation deficits. Addiction, 109(12), 2079–2088. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12713
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the big five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6
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Schou Andreassen, C. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: Effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological Science, 27(7), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616645673
Spear, L. P. (2013). Adolescent neurodevelopment. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(2 Suppl 2), S7–S13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.006
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Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. N. (2018). Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376
Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019). Trends in U.S. adolescents' media use, 1976–2016: The rise of digital media, decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000203
Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000057
Wang, P., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Xie, X., Wang, X., Zhao, F., Lei, L., & Ouyang, M. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and adolescent depression: A moderated mediation model of rumination and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 127, 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.008
Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). 'It's just a lot of work': Adolescents' self-presentation norms and practices on Facebook and Instagram. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(1), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12376
Yoon, S., Kleinman, M., Mertz, J., & Brannick, M. (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook-depression relations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 248, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.026
Baliashvili M., (2014), Fundamentals of Personality Psychology, Tbilisi, (in Georgian).
Todua T., Kartvelishvili I., (2013) “Internet Addiction Research and Its Peculiarities”; GESJ: Computer Science and Telecommunications |No.1 (37)) (in Georgian)
Kirillova N.B., (2014), "HOMO MEDIUM" AS AN OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF THE INFORMATION ERA, Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. No. 17 (346). Philosophy. Sociology. Culturology. Issue 33
Luhmann, N., (2005), Reality of the mass media. M.: PRAKSIS,.S;
Gerrig and Zimbardo, (2002), (in Georgian)
Deflor Dennis, (2009), For Understanding Mass Communication, Georgian Institute of Public Affairs
Bandura A., Walters R. (2002), Subversive aggression. Study of influences of upbringing and family relations. Series: Psychology - XX century, M. April Press
Hold N.I. (2005), The Impact of Mass Information on Aggressive Behavior of Children, Pedagogical Newsletter 20054
Myers, D. (2002), Social Psychology
Salpeter J., (1991), Children and the Computer
Mac-Williams N., (1998), Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. - m. "Class", (in Georgian)
Rosin V.M. (2000), Adolescent cultural activities in the context of modern teen culture // School Technologies. (in Georgian)
Applied Psychology, (2011), Tbilisi, (in Georgian)
Chkhaidze A., (2018), "Age of transition (age development of a child aged 11-18), parent guide", world vision, (in Georgian)
The State of the World's Children 2017 Children in the Digital, (2017), World United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (in Georgian)
Timoshkina I.V., (2017), Finding Psychological Assistance for Adolescents Prone to Deviant Behavior, (in Georgian)
Uznadze D., (2005), Child Psychology (School Age Psychology), Tbilisi, (in Georgian)
Bandura A., (1997), Self-efficacy: the exercise of control, New York: Freeman
Internet Addiction Test (Kulakov, 2004) https://onlinetestpad.com/ kulakov-2004
http://socium.ge/ (Children and computer, Nino Giglemiani)(in Georgian)
Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Andreassen, C. S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0169839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
Beyens, I., Fardouly, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Social media use and adolescents' well-being: Developing a typology of person-specific effect patterns. Social Science & Medicine, 168, 89–97.
Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015). Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.009
Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033
Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1909–1912. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753613
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003
Cheng, C., & Li, A. Y. (2014). Internet addiction prevalence and quality of (real) life: A meta-analysis of 31 nations across seven world regions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(12), 755–760. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0317
Chou, C., Condron, L., & Belland, J. C. (2005). A review of the research on Internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17(4), 363–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-8138-1
Coyne, S. M., Rogers, A. A., Zurcher, J. D., Stockdale, L., & Booth, M. (2020). Does time spent using social media impact mental health? An eight year longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106160
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2018). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
Haynes, T. (2018). Dopamine, smartphones & you: A battle for your time. Science in the News. Harvard University.
Hormes, J. M., Kearns, B., & Timko, C. A. (2014). Craving Facebook? Behavioral addiction to online social networking and its association with emotion regulation deficits. Addiction, 109(12), 2079–2088. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12713
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the big five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6
Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2008). Parental awareness and monitoring of adolescent Internet use. Current Psychology, 27(4), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-008-9038-6
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007
Meerkerk, G. J., Van Den Eijnden, R. J., Vermulst, A. A., & Garretsen, H. F. (2009). The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0181
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019). The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1
Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.49
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017). A large-scale test of the Goldilocks hypothesis: Quantifying the relations between digital-screen use and the mental well-being of adolescents. Psychological Science, 28(2), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616678438
Schou Andreassen, C. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: Effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological Science, 27(7), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616645673
Spear, L. P. (2013). Adolescent neurodevelopment. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(2 Suppl 2), S7–S13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.006
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Media use is linked to lower psychological well-being: Evidence from three datasets. Psychiatric Quarterly, 90, 311–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7
Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. N. (2018). Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376
Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019). Trends in U.S. adolescents' media use, 1976–2016: The rise of digital media, decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000203
Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000057
Wang, P., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Xie, X., Wang, X., Zhao, F., Lei, L., & Ouyang, M. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and adolescent depression: A moderated mediation model of rumination and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 127, 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.008
Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). 'It's just a lot of work': Adolescents' self-presentation norms and practices on Facebook and Instagram. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(1), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12376
Yoon, S., Kleinman, M., Mertz, J., & Brannick, M. (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook-depression relations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 248, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.026
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2026-05-07
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Articles
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